DNA Meaning and
Definition
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DNA, also known as deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule found in the cells of all living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. It is often referred to as the blueprint or instruction manual of life due to its fundamental role in the inheritance and functioning of an organism.
The structure of DNA consists of two long strands coiled around each other in a helical shape, forming a double helix. Each strand is composed of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate molecules, with specific units called nucleotides attached to the sugar. These nucleotides, known as adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G), make up the genetic code of an organism.
The sequence of these nucleotides along the DNA strand determines the genetic information carried within an organism. This information is responsible for various characteristics and traits, such as physical appearance, metabolism, and susceptibility to diseases. The order of nucleotides on one strand determines the complementary sequence on the other strand, facilitating accurate replication and transmission of genetic information during cell division and reproduction.
Through the process of transcription and translation, DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of proteins, which are essential for the structure and functioning of cells. DNA also plays a crucial role in gene regulation, as certain regions of DNA can control when and how genes are expressed.
Understanding DNA and its structure has revolutionized fields such as genetics, biotechnology, and medicine, leading to advancements in genetic research, genetic engineering, and the diagnosis and treatment of numerous genetic disorders.
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Etymology of DNA
The term "DNA" stands for "deoxyribonucleic acid". The etymology of the term can be broken down as follows:
1. Deoxyribo-: Comes from the word "deoxyribose", which refers to a type of sugar molecule. The prefix "deoxy-" means "lacking oxygen" and signifies that this sugar molecule is missing an oxygen atom compared to regular ribose.
2. Nucleic acid: The term "nucleic acid" originates from the word "nucleus", referring to the central part of a cell, and "acid", indicating its acidic nature. Nucleic acids are long-chain molecules found inside the nuclei of cells and play a vital role in genetic information storage and transfer.
Similar spelling words for DNA
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