Disulfiram is a medication that is primarily used in the treatment of chronic alcoholism. It is a drug that acts as a deterrent to drinking alcohol by creating a strong aversive reaction to its consumption. Disulfiram is also known by its commercial name Antabuse.
When disulfiram is ingested, it inhibits the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, which is responsible for breaking down alcohol in the body. As a result, acetaldehyde, a toxic substance, accumulates in the bloodstream, leading to unpleasant symptoms. These symptoms include flushing of the face, severe headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and rapid heartbeat. The unpleasant reaction typically occurs within 10 minutes to an hour after alcohol consumption and can last for several hours.
Due to the severe discomfort caused by disulfiram when taken along with alcohol, it acts as a significant deterrent for individuals with a drinking problem, as they are discouraged from consuming alcohol while on the medication. The hope is that the unpleasant side effects serve as a negative reinforcement, discouraging the person from consuming alcohol altogether.
Disulfiram is typically prescribed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan for alcoholism, which may also include counseling, support groups, and other medical interventions. It is important to note that individuals taking disulfiram must strictly avoid alcohol in all forms, including alcoholic beverages, cooking extracts, and some medications, as even small amounts can trigger the adverse reaction.
