Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a disorder characterized by the impaired ability of the distal part of the renal tubules in the kidneys to properly regulate acid levels in the body. The renal tubules are involved in the final processing of urine formation, and they play a crucial role in maintaining the body's acid-base balance.
In dRTA, the distal renal tubules fail to effectively reabsorb bicarbonate, which is an important substance that helps buffer excess acid in the body. This results in a decreased pH level in the blood, leading to a condition known as metabolic acidosis. The inability to excrete acid through the urine causes the accumulation of acidic substances in the blood.
The primary cause of dRTA is often a genetic defect, but it can also be acquired as a result of conditions such as autoimmune diseases, certain medications, or chronic kidney disease. The disorder is usually diagnosed through blood tests that measure acid-base balance and the presence of other electrolyte abnormalities.
Symptoms of dRTA may include frequent urination, extreme thirst, feeling tired or weak, poor growth and development in children, and electrolyte imbalances like low potassium levels. Long-term untreated dRTA can lead to complications such as kidney stones, kidney damage, and bone loss.
Treatment for dRTA typically involves the administration of alkali supplements to correct the acid-base imbalance, along with medications to manage associated electrolyte abnormalities. It is important for individuals with dRTA to monitor their acid levels regularly and make dietary adjustments, such as consuming foods high in bicarbonate, to better manage their condition. Close medical monitoring is necessary to prevent complications and maintain overall health.
