Diphtheritis, also known as diphtheria, is a highly contagious bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Primarily affecting the respiratory system, especially the throat and the nose, diphtheritis is characterized by the formation of a thick, grayish-white membrane in the throat. This membrane may obstruct the airways, causing difficulty in breathing.
The bacterium C. diphtheriae releases a potent toxin that can damage the tissues and organs of the body. The infection can spread easily through respiratory droplets, close contact, or contact with contaminated objects. Initial symptoms often resemble those of a common cold, including mild fever, sore throat, and nasal congestion. As the infection progresses, the membrane forms in the throat, leading to more severe symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, breathlessness, and a barking cough.
If left untreated, diphtheritis can lead to serious complications, including heart failure, paralysis, and even death. However, vaccinations and antibiotics have significantly reduced the prevalence of diphtheritis in many parts of the world.
To diagnose diphtheritis, a throat swab is taken to check for the presence of C. diphtheriae bacteria or its toxin. Prompt treatment with antibiotics, such as penicillin or erythromycin, is essential, along with supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications. In severe cases, antitoxin medications may be administered to counteract the effects of the toxin.
Public health initiatives promoting vaccination and maintaining proper hygiene practices have been vital in preventing the spread of diphtheritis and protecting vulnerable populations, particularly children.
