Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH) is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal and excessive ossification, or formation of new bone, in certain areas of the spine and other parts of the body. It is also known as Forestier's Disease.
In DISH, the ligaments and tendons that attach to the spine and other joints of the body gradually calcify and harden. This process can lead to the formation of bony growths, called osteophytes or spurs, along the affected ligaments and tendons. These growths can impinge on nearby structures, such as nerves, causing pain and stiffness.
The exact cause of DISH is not fully understood, hence the term "idiopathic," meaning of unknown origin. However, age, genetics, and metabolic factors are believed to play a role in its development. It is commonly seen in individuals above 50 years of age, and prevalence is higher in males.
Symptoms of DISH can vary from person to person, with some individuals experiencing no symptoms at all. However, common symptoms include stiffness and pain in the affected joints, particularly in the spine. DISH can also lead to difficulties with movement and can potentially cause complications such as difficulty swallowing or breathing if the condition affects the neck area.
Diagnosis of DISH typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history review, and imaging studies such as X-rays or CT scans. Treatment options for DISH focus on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. This may include pain management strategies, physical therapy, exercise, and lifestyle modifications.
In summary, DISH is a condition characterized by abnormal bone formation in the spine and other joints, resulting in stiffness, pain, and potentially impacting daily activities.
