Dermoid cysts, also known as mature cystic teratomas, are types of noncancerous tumors that can occur in various parts of the body. However, they are most commonly found in the skin, ovaries, testes, and other areas that embryonic cell layers have formed.
Dermoid cysts are typically composed of a variety of tissues, such as skin, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. They form when cells that produce these tissues become trapped during fetal development and continue to grow, resulting in a cyst-like structure.
In the context of skin dermatology, dermoid cysts mainly occur on the face, neck, or upper body, often near the hairline. They usually present as smooth, firm, round or oval masses ranging in size from a few millimeters to a few centimeters. While dermoid cysts are generally painless, they can gradually increase in size over time and cause discomfort or become cosmetically troubling.
In reproductive organs like the ovaries and testes, dermoid cysts may contain more complex structures, such as teeth, bone, cartilage, or even structures resembling brain tissue. They are typically discovered during routine pelvic or testicular examinations or when they cause symptoms like pain, swelling, or pressure.
Surgical removal is often recommended for dermoid cysts, especially if they are growing rapidly, cause symptoms, or are located in sensitive areas where they may cause complications. In most cases, the removal of a dermoid cyst is straightforward and successfully prevents its recurrence. However, if a dermoid cyst ruptures or becomes infected, additional treatment may be required.
