Dehesa is a Spanish term used to describe a unique Mediterranean agroecosystem characterized by an extensive, open, and managed landscape. This type of landscape is commonly found in southwestern Europe, primarily in Spain and Portugal. It consists of vast pastures, woodland areas, and scattered trees, primarily holm oak and cork oak.
The dehesa system is known for its sustainability and multifunctionality. It primarily serves as an agro-silvo-pastoral ecosystem, where livestock grazing, agricultural practices, and forestry activities are integrated harmoniously. The dehesa landscape is carefully managed to balance economic, social, and environmental aspects.
The extensive grazing of livestock, primarily sheep, goats, and pigs, is a fundamental component of the dehesa system. The animals feed on the herbaceous plants that grow in the pastures, while also benefiting from the shade and acorns provided by the oak trees. Additionally, the trees produce cork, an essential economic resource.
The dehesa also contributes to the conservation of biodiversity, as it provides habitat for various plant and animal species, including endangered ones. The management practices followed in the dehesa help maintain the ecological balance of the region, prevent erosion, and protect soil quality.
In conclusion, dehesa can be defined as a unique Mediterranean agroecosystem that combines pastoralism, agriculture, and forestry, creating a sustainable and diverse landscape. It not only supports the local economy but also plays a crucial role in the conservation of biodiversity and environmental protection.
