Danelaw is a term used to refer to the part of England where the Danish law and culture had a significant impact during the Viking Age. The spelling of Danelaw can be broken down using the IPA phonetic transcription: /ˈdeɪn.lɔː/. The first syllable is pronounced as "day" with a long "a" sound, followed by "n" and a short "uh" vowel sound, represented by the symbol "ə". The second syllable has the "law" sound, with a long "o" sound represented by the symbol "ɔː". Together, the pronunciation resembles "day-nuh-law."
The term "Danelaw" refers to a historical period and region in England, during which parts of the country were under the control and influence of Viking invaders and settlers from the Scandinavian region, specifically Denmark and Norway. This period is generally considered to have lasted from the late 9th century to the early 11th century.
The Danelaw territory encompassed areas in the North and East of England, including modern-day Yorkshire, East Anglia, and the East Midlands. It originated as a result of negotiations between the Viking raiders and the Anglo-Saxon kings of England, in an effort to establish peace and stability. Under the terms of the Danelaw, the Vikings were granted control over specific regions, allowing them to govern and apply their own laws and customs.
This governance structure within the Danelaw region varied from the rest of England, as it was influenced by Norse legal traditions and Scandinavian cultural practices. It allowed for a certain degree of self-rule, including the establishment of local courts and the application of Viking laws. However, the Danelaw still recognized the overarching authority of the English king.
The influence of the Danelaw period on England was significant. It brought about the assimilation of Scandinavian cultural elements into the English society, including the adoption of Norse language and dialects which influenced the English language. The Danelaw also played a crucial role in shaping the political and legal landscape of England, ultimately leading to the eventual unification of the country under a single monarch.
The word "Danelaw" has its roots in the Old English language. It is derived from two components: "Dane", which refers to the people from Denmark, and "law", which represents the legal and territorial jurisdiction.
During the Viking Age, a period spanning from the late 8th century to the early 11th century, Danish Vikings frequently raided and settled parts of England. In 876, a treaty called the Treaty of Wedmore was signed between King Alfred the Great of Wessex and the Viking leader Guthrum. This treaty established an agreed-upon boundary between the areas controlled by the Danes and the English.
The region under the control of the Danish settlers came to be known as the "Danelaw" (also spelled "Danelagh" or "Danelagu").