CREB, also known as cAMP response element-binding protein, is a type of transcription factor that plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression. It belongs to a family of proteins called leucine zipper proteins, which are involved in binding to specific DNA sequences and initiating the transcription process.
Specifically, CREB is activated by the second messenger molecule cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). When various signaling pathways are activated, they lead to an increase in the intracellular levels of cAMP, resulting in the activation of CREB. Once activated, CREB binds to specific DNA sequences known as cAMP response elements (CREs), which are typically located in the promoter region of target genes.
Binding of CREB to CREs facilitates the recruitment of other proteins involved in gene transcription, such as RNA polymerase, leading to the initiation of transcription and subsequent gene expression. In this way, CREB acts as a key mediator between external signals and the regulation of target genes.
The activity of CREB is implicated in a wide range of biological processes, including neuronal plasticity, learning and memory, cell survival, and metabolism. Dysregulation of CREB has been linked to various diseases and conditions, such as neurodegenerative disorders, addiction, and mood disorders.
Overall, CREB is a transcription factor that modulates gene expression in response to cAMP signaling, thereby playing a pivotal role in numerous cellular processes and physiological functions.
