Coronary restenosis is a medical term that refers to the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, which are the blood vessels that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. This condition typically occurs as a result of the build-up of plaque deposits, consisting of cholesterol, fat, calcium, and other substances, on the inner walls of the arteries.
The concept of restenosis arises after a previous intervention, usually coronary angioplasty or stent placement, aimed at opening the narrowed artery. In some cases, however, restenosis can occur in the same location where the intervention was performed, causing the artery to become narrowed again, and potentially reducing blood flow to the heart. Restenosis can occur within weeks or months after the initial procedure.
Coronary restenosis is often associated with inflammation and scar tissue formation at the site of the intervention, which can contribute to the re-narrowing of the artery. Risk factors for developing restenosis include smoking, having diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and a family history of coronary artery disease.
The symptoms of coronary restenosis may vary depending on the extent and severity of the blockage. Some common symptoms include chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, fatigue, and in severe cases, heart attack.
Treatment options for coronary restenosis may involve medications to alleviate symptoms and prevent further narrowing, as well as additional interventions such as repeat angioplasty or bypass surgery to restore blood flow to the heart. Lifestyle modifications, such as quitting smoking, adopting a healthy diet, regular exercise, and managing other underlying health conditions, are also important in managing this condition.
