Contagious ecthyma virus, also known as Orf virus or contagious pustular dermatitis, is a viral infection that affects domestic and wild ruminants, primarily sheep and goats. It is a zoonotic disease, which means that it can be transmitted from animals to humans.
The virus belongs to the family Poxviridae, genus Parapoxvirus, and is characterized by its ability to cause highly contagious skin lesions. It primarily spreads through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated materials such as bedding, feed, or equipment. The virus has a global distribution, affecting livestock and humans in various parts of the world.
In animals, contagious ecthyma virus causes the development of characteristic skin lesions, especially on the lips, mouth, muzzle, and teats. These lesions start as papules and progress to pustules, which eventually develop a thick scab or crust. The disease can lead to pain, discomfort, decreased feed intake, and weight loss in affected animals. It is particularly problematic in young animals, as it can interfere with feeding and cause indirect economic losses.
Human infections with contagious ecthyma virus are generally mild and self-limiting. They often occur as a result of direct contact with infected animals or contaminated materials. Lesions in humans typically appear on the hands or fingers and resemble small pustules or ulcers. Special care is required to prevent the transmission of the virus to humans, especially in individuals with compromised immune systems.
Prevention and control measures for contagious ecthyma virus include vaccination of susceptible animals, maintaining good hygiene practices, isolating infected animals, and proper wound care in humans. Veterinary intervention may be necessary in severe cases to alleviate symptoms and prevent secondary infections.
