Congenital hip dysplasia refers to a developmental condition affecting the hip joint from birth, where there is abnormal development and alignment of the hip joint structures. This condition arises due to various factors, including genetic predisposition and environmental factors, leading to an improperly formed hip joint.
The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint connecting the thigh bone (femur) to the pelvis. In individuals with congenital hip dysplasia, the socket (acetabulum) of the hip joint is shallow or misshapen, and the ball-like end of the thigh bone (femoral head) is not properly located in the socket. This can result in instability, limited range of motion, and possible dislocation of the hip joint.
Congenital hip dysplasias can vary in severity, ranging from mild instability to complete hip dislocation. Infants born with this condition may exhibit different symptoms, such as uneven thigh folds, limited hip abduction (outward movement of the leg), or an audible click when manipulating the hip joint. However, some cases may not present obvious signs until later in childhood or adolescence.
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing congenital hip dysplasias to prevent long-term complications, such as hip joint stiffness, pain, and degenerative arthritis. Treatment options depend on the severity and age of the individual, ranging from conservative measures like the use of a harness or brace to surgical interventions like closed or open reductions, osteotomies, or hip joint reconstruction.
Regular follow-up and monitoring by healthcare professionals are essential to ensure the best possible outcomes in individuals with congenital hip dysplasias.
