Congenital hand deformities refer to abnormalities or malformations that are present at birth, affecting the structure, formation, or function of one or both hands. These deformities arise during fetal development, usually within the first trimester of pregnancy, and can vary in severity and complexity.
There are numerous types of congenital hand deformities, each with its distinct characteristics and impact on hand function. Some common examples include polydactyly (extra fingers), syndactyly (webbed or fused fingers), brachydactyly (short fingers), macrodactyly (enlarged fingers), and symbrachydactyly (underdeveloped fingers). Thumb duplication or absence, clinodactyly (curved fingers), and radial or ulnar deviation (deviation of fingers towards the thumb or little finger) are also possible congenital hand deformities.
Congenital hand deformities can significantly affect an individual's ability to perform everyday tasks requiring hand dexterity, such as grasping, holding, and manipulating objects. They can impact hand strength, agility, and coordination, and may also affect the development of gross motor skills. In some cases, these deformities can be associated with other congenital abnormalities or syndromes.
The treatment and management of congenital hand deformities typically involve early interventions, such as surgical correction, occupational or physical therapy, and the use of adaptive aids or devices to promote optimal hand function. The goal is to enhance hand function, improve aesthetics, and enable individuals to independently perform activities of daily living to the best of their abilities. Multidisciplinary teams of healthcare professionals, including orthopedic surgeons, hand therapists, and pediatric specialists, are often involved in the comprehensive care of individuals with congenital hand deformities
