The common midwife toad, known scientifically as Alytes obstetricans, is a small amphibian belonging to the family Alytidae. This species is widely distributed across Europe, including regions such as France, Spain, Portugal, and the British Isles. It is characterized by a stocky body measuring around 5 to 7 centimeters in length, and its skin showcases various shades of brown or gray, allowing it to blend well with its surroundings.
The unique name "midwife toad" derives from the fascinating reproductive behavior exhibited by this species. Unlike most amphibians, where the male typically fertilizes the eggs externally, the common midwife toad distinguishes itself by engaging in internal fertilization. During mating season, the male clasps the eggs onto his hind legs using specialized skin flaps, resembling a midwife carrying a bundle of eggs. This peculiar parental care is fulfilled by the male until the eggs hatch, at which point he releases the fully-formed tadpoles into a suitable aquatic environment.
In terms of habitat, the common midwife toad primarily inhabits wooded areas, as well as damp environments such as ponds, streams, and ditches. It is a nocturnal species, remaining active during nighttime hours and spending its daylight hours hidden beneath rocks or vegetation. Its diet mainly consists of invertebrates like insects, worms, snails, and small crustaceans.
Although the common midwife toad is generally considered a species of least concern in terms of conservation status, threats such as habitat destruction, pollution, and the introduction of non-native species can pose risks to its survival. Nevertheless, various initiatives and conservation measures have been implemented to protect and preserve this unique amphibian and its habitats.
