CMML stands for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. It is a type of hematological malignancy, which refers to cancer that affects the blood and blood-forming tissues. CMML specifically affects the bone marrow and blood cells.
In CMML, there is an abnormal increase in monocytes, a type of white blood cell, in the bone marrow and blood. This condition is called monocytosis. Additionally, there may be an excess of granulocytes, another type of white blood cell, and other abnormal cells in the blood.
CMML is considered a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm, meaning it has characteristics of both myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). MDS refers to a group of disorders that affect the production of blood cells, while MPN refers to clonal disorders in which certain cells in the bone marrow proliferate uncontrollably.
Symptoms of CMML can vary but may include fatigue, anemia, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, and enlarged spleen. It may progress slowly or rapidly and can transform into acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a more aggressive leukemia.
Treatment options for CMML depend on various factors, including the patient's age, overall health, and disease characteristics. Treatment may involve supportive care, such as blood transfusions or growth factors, as well as chemotherapy and/or stem cell transplantation.
Regular monitoring and management of CMML are essential, as it is a chronic condition that requires ongoing medical care and attention.
