CML stands for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, which is a type of cancer that affects the bone marrow and blood. It is a chronic disease characterized by the abnormal growth and accumulation of white blood cells called myeloid cells.
In CML, a genetic mutation occurs in the bone marrow cells, leading to the formation of an abnormal fusion gene called BCR-ABL1. This gene produces a protein that triggers uncontrolled growth and division of myeloid cells. As a result, these cancerous cells overcrowd the bone marrow, impairing its normal function of producing healthy blood cells.
Symptoms of CML can vary among individuals but may include fatigue, weakness, anemia, easy bruising or bleeding, weight loss, and night sweats. CML is typically diagnosed through blood tests that detect the presence of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene or its protein product.
Treatment for CML involves targeted therapies known as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that specifically inhibit the activity of the BCR-ABL1 protein. These medications help restore normal blood cell production and reduce the population of cancerous cells. In some cases, a stem cell transplant may be recommended if TKIs are not effective or the disease progresses.
CML is a complex and chronic condition that requires long-term management. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, many individuals with CML can achieve long-term remission and lead normal lives.
