Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), also known as hog cholera virus, is a viral pathogen that affects swine populations worldwide. It is a highly contagious and economically significant disease that can cause severe illness and mortality in pigs. CSFV belongs to the genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae.
The virus is characterized by its single-stranded RNA genome, which is enclosed within a protein capsid. CSFV is transmitted through direct contact between infected and susceptible pigs, as well as through indirect routes such as contaminated equipment, feed, or personnel. In some cases, other animals like rats or ticks can act as carriers and spread the virus.
Upon infection, CSFV primarily targets cells of the pig's immune system, leading to an immunosuppressive state and making infected pigs more susceptible to secondary infections. The disease manifests with a wide range of clinical signs, including fever, anorexia, lethargy, respiratory distress, diarrhea, and reproductive disorders. In severe cases, hemorrhagic fever occurs, leading to internal bleeding and ultimately death.
The control and prevention of CSFV involve strict biosecurity measures, rapid diagnosis, and vaccination. Proper quarantine of infected animals, surveillance, and the culling of affected herds are also important for disease containment.
Due to its devastating impact on the swine industry, eradication programs and international regulations are in place to limit the spread of CSFV. Timely detection and effective management of classical swine fever virus are essential to protect pig populations and maintain the safety of pork products worldwide.
