Cirrhosis of the liver is a medical condition that refers to the progressive scarring of the liver, leading to the loss of normal liver tissue and the creation of scar tissue. This scarring gradually replaces healthy liver cells over time, disrupting the liver's normal functions and compromising its ability to perform vital tasks necessary for proper bodily function.
This condition is typically a result of long-term liver damage caused by factors such as chronic alcohol consumption, chronic hepatitis B or C infection, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, or certain genetic disorders. Other less common causes include autoimmune hepatitis, bile duct disorders, and certain medications or toxins.
As cirrhosis progresses, the liver becomes hardened and nodules of scar tissue develop within it. This scarring can obstruct the flow of blood through the liver and impair the organ's ability to process nutrients, metabolize drugs, produce important proteins, and detoxify harmful substances. Consequently, individuals with cirrhosis may experience a range of symptoms, including fatigue, weakness, jaundice, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, weight loss, easy bruising, and fluid retention, among others. In advanced stages, complications such as liver failure, portal hypertension, and an increased risk of liver cancer may develop.
Typically, a diagnosis of cirrhosis is made through a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies, such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI. Treatment options for cirrhosis depend on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition; they may involve lifestyle modifications, medications to manage complications, and in some cases, liver transplantation.
