Cirrhosis is a medical condition characterized by the scarring of the liver tissue, resulting in the formation of fibrous nodules that replace healthy liver cells. This scarring hinders the normal functioning of the liver, causing it to become hardened and lumpy. It is a chronic and progressive disease that can lead to severe complications and, in some cases, liver failure.
The most common causes of cirrhosis include excessive alcohol consumption, chronic hepatitis B or C infection, and accumulation of fat in the liver due to obesity or diabetes. Other factors, such as certain medications, autoimmune diseases, or hereditary conditions, can also contribute to the development of cirrhosis.
Symptoms of cirrhosis can vary depending on the stage and severity of the disease. Early stages may be asymptomatic or exhibit mild symptoms such as fatigue, loss of appetite, and weight loss. As the disease progresses, more pronounced symptoms may arise, including jaundice, abdominal pain and swelling, easy bruising and bleeding, and mental confusion.
Diagnosis of cirrhosis often involves assessing medical history, physical examination, blood tests, and imaging techniques like ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. A liver biopsy might also be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
While there is no cure for cirrhosis, treatment aims to manage its underlying cause, prevent further liver damage, and alleviate symptoms. Lifestyle changes such as abstaining from alcohol, maintaining a healthy diet, and avoiding certain medications can help slow down the progression of the disease. In more advanced stages, liver transplantation may be considered as a treatment option.
