Cilician refers to something or someone connected to Cilicia, an ancient region located in the southeastern part of Asia Minor (present-day Turkey). The term can be applied to various aspects related to the history, culture, geography, or people of Cilicia.
Geographically, Cilician refers to the region itself, which was situated between the rugged Taurus Mountains to the north and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. It was known for its fertile plains and the strategic position it held, acting as a bridge between the east and west.
Historically, Cilician can denote the ancient kingdom of Cilicia, which was established and ruled by multiple civilizations over the centuries. It was initially founded by the Hittites around the 17th century BCE and later conquered by the Assyrians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines, among others. Due to its desirable location, Cilicia became a significant center of trade, culture, and politics throughout its history.
Cilician can also describe the culture, art, and architecture associated with Cilicia. The region's diverse history led to the blending of various cultural influences, including Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, and Armenian. Cilician art and architecture often incorporate elements from these different periods, resulting in a unique style.
Furthermore, Cilician can be used to refer to the people of Cilicia, who had their own distinct identity shaped by centuries of political and cultural interactions. The Cilician population comprised diverse groups, including indigenous Anatolian tribes, Greeks, Armenians, and others.
