Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease (COAD), also known as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), is a long-term respiratory condition characterized by persistent airflow limitation and difficulty in breathing. It is generally caused by the inhalation of harmful substances, primarily cigarette smoke, although exposure to other irritants like pollution, dust, and chemicals can also contribute to its development.
This debilitating disease progressively affects the airways, leading to various symptoms such as shortness of breath, persistent cough, increased mucus production, and wheezing. Over time, COAD can result in the destruction of lung tissues and loss of elasticity, making it progressively harder to breathe and diminishing lung function.
COAD encompasses different conditions, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema, which often coexist and contribute to the overall symptoms. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by inflammation of the bronchial tubes, leading to excess mucus production and coughing. Emphysema, on the other hand, involves the destruction of the air sacs in the lungs, diminishing the surface area available for oxygen exchange.
There is no cure for COAD; however, the disease can be managed through various treatment options, including bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, supplemental oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, and lifestyle modifications like smoking cessation. Early diagnosis and timely management can help improve quality of life, reduce exacerbations, and slow the progression of the disease.
