Chorionic villus sampling is a prenatal test performed to detect chromosomal abnormalities in a developing baby. The word "chorionic" is spelled /kɔːrɪˈɒnɪk/, with the stress on the second syllable. "Villus" is spelled /ˈvɪləs/, with the stress on the first syllable. "Sampling" is spelled /ˈsæmplɪŋ/, with the stress on the second syllable. Altogether, the word is pronounced /kɔːrɪˈɒnɪk ˈvɪləs ˈsæmplɪŋ/. It can be a difficult word to spell because of the various syllables and sounds, but correct spelling is important for medical professionals working with patients.
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a prenatal diagnostic procedure that involves extracting a small sample of cells from the placenta, specifically from the chorionic villi, for testing genetic abnormalities and other prenatal conditions. This procedure is typically performed between the 10th and 13th weeks of pregnancy.
During CVS, a healthcare professional extracts a sample either through the vagina or by inserting a needle through the abdomen and into the uterus, guided by ultrasound imaging. The sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis. It is primarily used to detect chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome, along with certain genetic disorders, such as cystic fibrosis and sickle cell disease.
Chorionic villus sampling is considered an invasive procedure as it carries a small risk of complications, including miscarriage and infection. However, it provides more rapid results compared to other diagnostic tests, such as amniocentesis, which is typically performed later in pregnancy.
The genetic information obtained from chorionic villus sampling aids parents in making informed decisions about the continuation of their pregnancy and allows potential early intervention or treatment options if abnormalities are detected. It is often recommended for women who are at a higher risk of having a child with a genetic disorder due to advanced maternal age or a family history of genetic conditions. However, the decision to undergo CVS should be made in consultation with a healthcare provider, considering the associated risks and benefits.