CHINESE LEGALIST Meaning and
Definition
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Chinese Legalism refers to a school of thought that emerged during the period of the Warring States (475-221 BCE) in ancient China. It is a political and philosophical ideology that heavily emphasizes the rule of law, centralized governance, and strict adherence to a strong and authoritarian state.
The Chinese Legalists believed in the inherent wickedness of human nature and argued that people were inherently selfish and driven by personal interests. According to Legalist philosophy, individuals could not be trusted to act in the best interest of the state, and therefore, a strong central governing authority was necessary to maintain order and harmony.
The Legalists advocated for a system of strict laws that applied equally to all citizens. They believed that through a comprehensive legal code, a ruler could effectively control and govern the state. Harsh punishments for even minor offenses were also encouraged, as they were seen as necessary to deter future wrongdoing.
Additionally, the Legalists emphasized the importance of economic prosperity and military strength for the survival of the state. They believed that a strong state required a powerful military and focused on implementing policies that would strengthen the economy and promote self-sufficiency.
Chinese Legalism had a significant impact on Chinese history, particularly during the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE), when Legalist principles were implemented by the first emperor, Qin Shi Huang. Despite its short-lived reign, Legalism left a lasting impression on Chinese political and philosophical thought, influencing subsequent dynasties and shaping the development of Chinese governance.
Etymology of CHINESE LEGALIST
The term "Chinese Legalist" refers to a school of thought in ancient China known as "法家" (fǎ jiā) or "Fa-Jia" in Mandarin Chinese. It emerged during the late Warring States period (475–221 BCE) and represents a distinct school of political and legal philosophy.
The term "Legalist" itself originates from the Latin word "lex" meaning "law" or "legal". It was employed by Western scholars to categorize the Chinese school of thought that emphasized the rule of law, strict governance, and a centralized state system. The use of this term stems from scholars' attempts to draw parallels and similarities with Western legal philosophy.
The name "Chinese Legalist" acquired its etymology as a result of subsequent translations and studies carried out by scholars in the West.
