Cheiloschisis, also known as cleft lip, is a congenital condition characterized by the incomplete fusion of the upper lip during embryonic development. It is one of the most common facial birth defects, occurring in approximately 1 in 1000 births worldwide.
Typically, cheiloschisis manifests as a visible split or gap in the upper lip, extending from the base of the nostrils to the upper gumline. This separation can vary in severity, ranging from a small notch to a deep cleft that extends into the nose. In more severe cases, it may involve the hard or soft palate as well, leading to a condition called orofacial cleft.
The exact causes of cheiloschisis are not fully understood but are believed to be multifactorial, involving a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Certain genetic syndromes or chromosomal abnormalities may increase the risk of developing cheiloschisis. Additionally, maternal exposure to factors such as smoking, alcohol, or certain medications during pregnancy can also contribute to the development of this condition.
Cheiloschisis can impact various aspects of a person's life, including feeding difficulties, speech problems, dental issues, and potential social and psychological challenges. However, it is highly treatable through surgery, usually performed within the first few months of life, to repair the cleft and restore normal lip and mouth function. Additional interventions such as speech therapy or orthodontic treatment may be necessary to address any associated complications.
Early detection, diagnosis, and comprehensive multidisciplinary care with a team of specialists are essential in ensuring optimal outcomes for individuals with cheiloschisis.
