"Cervical caries" refers to tooth decay that occurs in the neck or root portion of a tooth. The spelling of "cervical" is pronounced /ˈsɜːrvɪkəl/ with emphasis on the first syllable. The word "caries" is pronounced /ˈkæriz/ with emphasis on the second syllable. This term may be unfamiliar to many, but it is important to understand the different types of tooth decay and their locations in order to properly treat and prevent them. If left untreated, cervical caries can lead to tooth loss and other dental problems.
Cervical caries, also known as root surface or root caries, is a dental condition characterized by the decay or cavity formation on the exposed root surfaces of teeth. Unlike typical dental caries that occur on the crown portion of the tooth, cervical caries affects the area near the gum line or cementoenamel junction (CEJ), where the tooth enamel transitions to the root surface.
Cervical caries commonly occurs in individuals who have receding gums or gum recession, exposing the root surface to the oral environment. The root surface lacks the protective enamel covering of the crown, making it more vulnerable to acid attacks from oral bacteria-produced acids. Furthermore, in this area, the underlying cementum is softer and more easily demineralized, exacerbating the decay process.
Common risk factors for the development of cervical caries include poor oral hygiene, inadequate fluoride exposure, a diet high in fermentable carbohydrates, dry mouth (xerostomia), and older age. Individuals with conditions such as periodontal disease, gingivitis, or who wear removable dentures are also at an increased risk.
Symptoms of cervical caries may include tooth sensitivity, pain, and swelling around the affected tooth. Treatment typically involves removing the decayed portion of the tooth and restoring it with dental fillings or other restorative materials.
Prevention of cervical caries involves maintaining good oral hygiene practices, including regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste, flossing, and regular dental check-ups. Applying fluoride topically and following a balanced diet low in sugary foods can also help reduce the risk of cervical caries.
The etymology of the word "Cervical Caries" can be broken down as follows:
1. Cervical: The term "cervical" originates from the Latin word "cervix", meaning "neck". In medical terminology, "cervical" refers to anything related to the neck or a specific part of the body resembling the neck.
2. Caries: The term "caries" comes from the Latin word "carere", which means "to decay" or "to rot". In medical terminology, "caries" is often used to describe the decay or destruction of bone or tissue, particularly in relation to dental cavities.
Therefore, "cervical caries" refers to the decay or destruction of bone or tissue in the neck region, specifically referring to dental cavities that affect the neck of the tooth.