Central sleep-disordered breathing (CSDB) refers to a medical condition characterized by disruptions in the normal respiratory rhythm during sleep. It is a type of sleep-related breathing disorder where the brain fails to send appropriate signals to the muscles responsible for controlling breathing.
Unlike obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which occurs due to physical blockages in the airway, CSDB is caused by a dysfunction in the central nervous system. This means that the brain fails to initiate or regulate the breathing process properly.
Individuals with central sleep-disordered breathing experience intermittent pauses in breathing and shallow or irregular breathing patterns while asleep. These interruptions in airflow can lead to brief awakenings, resulting in poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness.
Several factors can contribute to the development of central sleep-disordered breathing, including neurological disorders, heart failure, certain medications, and high-altitude environments. It is more commonly seen in older adults and individuals with existing medical conditions.
Diagnosis of CSDB involves conducting a sleep study, known as a polysomnography, which involves monitoring various parameters during sleep, such as brain activity, eye movement, breathing, and heart rate. Treatment options for central sleep-disordered breathing may vary depending on the underlying cause and may include medications, lifestyle changes, and the use of positive airway pressure devices during sleep to ensure adequate breathing.
