Central facial paralysis, also known as central facial palsy or central facial weakness, is a medical condition characterized by the impairment or loss of voluntary movement and control of the muscles in one or both sides of the face. Unlike peripheral facial paralysis, which results from damage to the facial nerve outside the brain, central facial paralysis is caused by damage or dysfunction within the brain, specifically the upper motor neurons.
This condition most commonly occurs as a result of a stroke or brain injury that affects the corticobulbar tract, a group of nerve fibers responsible for transmitting signals from the motor cortex to the facial muscles. The symptoms of central facial paralysis typically involve asymmetrical facial weakness, including difficulty in making facial expressions, smiling, closing the eyes, or raising the eyebrows. In some cases, speech and swallowing may also be affected.
The diagnosis of central facial paralysis involves a comprehensive neurological examination and, if necessary, imaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans to identify any underlying brain abnormalities or lesions. Treatment for central facial paralysis typically focuses on addressing the underlying cause, such as rehabilitative therapies to improve function and reduce muscle weakness, medications to manage any associated symptoms, and surgical interventions in some cases.
Although central facial paralysis can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life, with proper diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and rehabilitation, individuals affected by this condition can often achieve improvements in their facial muscle control and overall functionality.
