Central European encephalitis (CEE), also known as tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), is a viral infection that affects the central nervous system. It is caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), which belongs to the Flaviviridae family. CEE is predominantly found in regions of Central Europe, including parts of Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Switzerland, and neighboring countries.
The virus is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks, particularly the Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus species. Occasionally, it can also be contracted by the consumption of unpasteurized milk from infected animals, such as goats, cows, or sheep.
The symptoms of CEE can vary in severity, with the majority of individuals experiencing a mild flu-like illness or remaining asymptomatic. However, in some cases, the infection can progress to affect the brain and spinal cord, leading to neurological complications. These may include severe headaches, high fever, muscle stiffness, nausea, vomiting, mental confusion, and even paralysis.
Although no specific antiviral treatment is available, supportive care is provided to manage symptoms and complications. Prevention of CEE primarily revolves around avoiding tick bites, such as wearing protective clothing and using insect repellents. Vaccination is also an effective preventive measure, as it enhances the immune system's ability to fight off the virus.
Central European encephalitis poses a significant health risk in endemic regions, especially during the warmer months when ticks are most active. Therefore, awareness, prevention, and timely medical intervention are crucial in managing this disease.
