Cathartics are substances or medications that are used to promote bowel movements and relieve constipation. Also known as laxatives or purgatives, cathartics work by stimulating the intestines to contract and move contents through the gastrointestinal tract, facilitating defecation.
There are various types of cathartics, including bulk-forming laxatives, stool softeners, emollient laxatives, stimulant laxatives, and osmotic laxatives. Bulk-forming laxatives contain fiber or other substances that absorb water, adding bulk to the stool and making it easier to pass. Stool softeners, on the other hand, help to moisten and lubricate the stool, making it less hard and dry. Emollient laxatives act as stool softeners and also help to increase lubrication in the intestines.
Stimulant laxatives work by irritating the lining of the intestines, promoting increased contractions and bowel movements. Osmotic laxatives help to draw water into the intestines, thus softening the stool and promoting bowel movements.
Cathartics are commonly used to treat occasional constipation, a condition characterized by infrequent or difficult bowel movements. They may also be utilized as part of preoperative bowel preparation or to alleviate constipation caused by certain medications or medical conditions.
It is important to use cathartics as directed and not exceed recommended dosages, as excessive use can lead to electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, and dependence on laxatives. Additionally, individuals with certain medical conditions, such as intestinal obstruction or inflammatory bowel disease, may need to avoid or use caution when using cathartics.
