"Case hardened" is a commonly used term in metallurgy, referring to treating steel to make it hard on the outer layer while maintaining a soft inner core. The correct spelling of the word is [keɪs hɑrdnd], with stress on the first syllable. The phonetic transcription shows that the word starts with the "k" sound followed by a diphthong "ei" sound in "case", and the stress falls on the first vowel "a". The second part of the word features a fricative "h" sound and softened "d" at the end.
Case hardened is an adjective used to describe an object or material that has undergone a specific process involving the hardening of its outer layer while maintaining a more resilient and less brittle inner layer or core. This process is typically utilized to increase the durability, strength, and wear resistance of the object.
In the context of metallurgy and engineering, case hardening is commonly performed on metals such as steel. It involves subjecting the metal to a combination of heating and cooling treatments to alter its chemical composition and structure. This results in the formation of a tough and abrasion-resistant outer shell or "case," which is significantly harder than the inner core. The aim of case hardening is to enhance the mechanical properties of the metal, thereby making it more resistant to friction, wear, and damage caused by external forces.
This technique finds applications in various industries, particularly in the production of tools, gears, bearings, and other components that require strong and long-lasting surfaces. Case hardening can be achieved through different methods, including carbonizing, nitriding, flame hardening, or induction hardening, each employing specific techniques and materials.
Overall, case hardened refers to a material that has undergone a specific process to create a durable outer layer, providing increased resistance to wear and tear, while maintaining a more flexible and less brittle interior.
The term "case hardened" is derived from the metallurgical process known as "case hardening". The word "case" refers to the outermost layer or surface of an object, while "hardened" pertains to the process of making something harder or more resistant to wear or deformation.In the context of the metallurgical process, case hardening involves providing a hard outer layer to a relatively softer material by infusing or treating it with a substance that promotes hardness. This process has been employed for centuries to enhance the durability and strength of various metal objects.The etymology of the word "case" can be traced back to the Latin word "casa", meaning "house" or "hut". This term was later used metaphorically to refer to an enclosure or cover. Similarly, the word "hardened" is derived from the Old English word "heardian", which means "to make hard" or "to become hard".