Pronunciation: [kˌɑːtɪlˈe͡ɪɡə͡ʊ] (IPA) 
The word "cartilago" refers to a type of connective tissue found in humans and other animals. It is pronounced /kɑː(ɹ)tɪˈleɪɡəʊ/ and is spelled with a "c" instead of a "k" due to its Latin origin. The "t" in the word is pronounced as a soft "t" rather than a hard "t," as it is followed by the letter "i." The second "a" in the word is pronounced as a short vowel sound, while the "g" is pronounced as a soft "g."
Cartilago is a Latin term that translates to "cartilage" in English. It refers to a dense and flexible type of connective tissue found in various parts of the body, particularly in joints, the rib cage, the nose, and the ears.
Cartilago is composed of chondrocytes, which are specialized cells responsible for producing and maintaining the extracellular matrix of the tissue. The extracellular matrix consists of collagen fibers, proteoglycans, and water, which collectively give cartilage its unique properties.
One of the primary functions of cartilago is to provide padding and shock absorption within joints. It acts as a smooth surface that allows bones to glide over one another during movement, reducing friction and preventing damage. Additionally, cartilago also helps to distribute and absorb forces, protecting underlying bones and other structures.
Furthermore, cartilago plays a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity and shape of certain body parts. For instance, it provides the framework for the external ear and the tip of the nose, contributing to their defined appearance. In the rib cage, cartilago connects the ribs to the sternum, allowing for flexibility during breathing.
While cartilago is tough and resistant, it has limited regenerative abilities compared to other tissues. Injuries to cartilage often result in slow healing processes or irreversible damage, leading to conditions such as osteoarthritis. However, ongoing research aims to improve our understanding of cartilago and develop treatments for cartilage-related disorders.
The word "cartilago" has its roots in the Latin language. It is derived from the Latin word "caro" meaning "flesh" or "meat" and the suffix "-tilis" meaning "capable of". Therefore, "cartilago" was used in Latin to refer to a substance that was somewhat fleshy or meat-like in texture. This term was later adopted into Middle English as "cartilage" with a slight alteration in pronunciation and spelling.
