The carotids refer to a pair of major arteries located in the neck that are responsible for supplying oxygenated blood to the head and brain. Specifically known as the common carotid arteries, they are vital in delivering essential nutrients and oxygen to these critical areas. The carotids branch off from the aorta, the body's main artery, which is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood to all parts of the body.
The common carotids usually divide into two separate arteries called the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery. The internal carotid artery continues upward, passing through the neck and entering the skull through small openings called the carotid canals. This artery branches out in the brain, providing blood to various regions, including the cerebrum.
On the other hand, the external carotid artery supplies blood to structures outside the skull, such as the face, scalp, and neck muscles. It further divides into several smaller arteries to provide blood to specific regions, including the mouth, nose, and eye.
The carotids play a fundamental role in maintaining proper brain function. Any disruptions in the blood flow through these arteries, such as blockages or narrowing due to atherosclerosis, can lead to serious complications like stroke or transient ischemic attacks.
In summary, the carotids are major arteries in the neck that branch off from the aorta, supplying oxygenated blood to the head and brain. They consist of the internal and external carotid arteries, which distribute blood to the brain and external structures, respectively.
