Caries, also known as tooth decay or dental caries, is a chronic dental disease characterized by the demineralization and destruction of the hard tissues of the teeth. It is primarily caused by the action of bacteria residing in the dental plaque, which produce acids through the fermentation of sugars present in food and drink. These acids gradually dissolve the protective layer of the teeth, known as the enamel, leading to the formation of cavities or holes.
Caries typically develops in areas of the teeth that are difficult to clean, such as the fissures and pits on the chewing surfaces and the gaps between teeth. If left untreated, the decay can progress through the enamel into the softer dentin layer beneath, eventually reaching the tooth pulp, which contains nerves and blood vessels. This can result in pain, sensitivity, and potential infection in the affected tooth.
Preventive measures against caries include maintaining good oral hygiene by brushing teeth regularly with fluoride toothpaste, flossing, and using mouthwash. Regular dental check-ups and cleanings are also important for early detection and treatment of any signs of decay. Fluoride application and sealants can help strengthen and protect the teeth against caries. Dental fillings, root canals, or tooth extractions may be necessary to treat advanced caries.
Overall, caries is a common and preventable dental condition that can have serious consequences if left untreated, highlighting the importance of proper dental care and regular visits to the dentist.
