How Do You Spell CARDIOTONIC STEROIDS?

Pronunciation: [kˌɑːdɪə͡ʊtˈɒnɪk stˈɛɹɔ͡ɪdz] (IPA)

Cardiotonic Steroids are a class of drugs that are used to treat heart failure and other cardiovascular disorders. The spelling of this word can be explained through the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), which uses symbols to represent individual sounds in spoken language. In the word "Cardiotonic," the "c" is pronounced like a "k," and the "io" is pronounced like "ee-oh." In "Steroids," the first syllable is pronounced "stehr" and the "oi" in "ster" is pronounced like "oy." Overall, the correct pronunciation is "kar-dee-oh-tawn-ik steer-oydz."

CARDIOTONIC STEROIDS Meaning and Definition

1. Cardiotonic steroids are a class of compounds that exert a positive inotropic effect on the heart, meaning they increase the force and strength of the heart's contractions. These compounds are commonly referred to as cardiac glycosides and are primarily used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and certain heart rhythm abnormalities.

   Cardiotonic steroids work by inhibiting the enzyme, sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase), which regulates the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across cell membranes. By inhibiting this enzyme, cardiotonic steroids increase intracellular sodium concentrations, leading to a subsequent increase in intracellular calcium concentrations within cardiac muscle cells. The increase in intracellular calcium enhances myocardial contractility and promotes stronger and more efficient contractions of the heart muscle.

   Some common examples of cardiotonic steroids include digoxin and digitoxin, which are derived from the foxglove plant. These medications are orally consumed or administered intravenously, and they have a narrow therapeutic index, meaning that careful monitoring of blood levels is required to ensure that the concentration remains within an optimal range for effectiveness and safety.

   While cardiotonic steroids can be highly effective in managing heart conditions, they must be used with caution due to their potential for toxicity. Excessive doses or prolonged use can lead to side effects such as arrhythmias, electrolyte imbalances, and organ toxicity, especially in patients with compromised renal function. Therefore, appropriate dosage adjustments and close monitoring are essential when utilizing cardiotonic steroids in clinical practice.

Common Misspellings for CARDIOTONIC STEROIDS

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Etymology of CARDIOTONIC STEROIDS

The term "Cardiotonic Steroids" can be broken down into two parts: "cardiotonic" and "steroids".

The term "cardiotonic" is derived from the combination of the Greek words "kardia" meaning "heart" and "tonos" meaning "tension" or "tone". Therefore, "cardiotonic" refers to something that affects or increases the tone or strength of the heart.

On the other hand, "steroids" comes from the Greek word "steron" meaning "solid" or "stiff". Steroids are a class of organic compounds known for their molecular structure, characterized by multiple rings. They are often associated with their physiological effects on the body, such as regulating various metabolic processes.