Cardiomegaly is a medical term that refers to an enlarged or enlarged heart. It is derived from the Greek words "kardia" meaning heart, and "megalos" meaning large or big. It describes a condition where the heart's size is larger than the average or what is considered normal.
The normal size of an adult human heart is approximately the size of a closed fist. However, various factors such as medical conditions, diseases, or physiological changes can cause the heart to increase in size. Cardiomegaly can be classified into different categories based on the degree of enlargement, including mild, moderate, or severe.
There are several potential causes of cardiomegaly, including underlying cardiac disorders such as congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure (hypertension), valvular heart disease, or other structural heart defects. Non-cardiac causes, such as anemia, hyperthyroidism, certain infections, or drug/alcohol abuse, can also contribute to the development of cardiomegaly.
Symptoms of cardiomegaly may vary depending on the underlying condition and the severity of the enlargement. Common signs can include shortness of breath, rapid or irregular heartbeat, fatigue, swollen ankles or legs, and chest pain. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, imaging tests (such as X-rays, echocardiograms, or CT scans), and other diagnostic procedures.
Treatment for cardiomegaly is focused on managing the underlying cause of the enlargement. This may involve lifestyle modifications, medications to control blood pressure or improve heart function, surgery to repair any structural abnormalities, or other interventions as determined by the physician. Regular monitoring and follow-up with a healthcare professional are crucial for individuals diagnosed with cardiomegaly
