CARBOHYDRATES Meaning and
Definition
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Carbohydrates are a large group of organic compounds that are primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They are one of the three main macronutrients found in the human diet, along with proteins and fats. Carbohydrates are a major source of energy for the body and are essential for various physiological functions.
Chemically, carbohydrates are commonly classified into three groups based on their molecular structure: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose, are single sugar units that are easily absorbed and utilized by the body. Disaccharides, like sucrose and lactose, are formed by the combination of two monosaccharides and are broken down into their individual units during digestion. Polysaccharides, such as starch and cellulose, are complex carbohydrates composed of many sugar units linked together. They provide a more sustained release of energy due to their larger structure.
Carbohydrates are primarily found in foods like grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes. When consumed, they are broken down into glucose, which is the main source of energy for the body's cells. Moreover, carbohydrates are additionally involved in other important functions, including the storage of energy (as glycogen in the liver and muscles), formation of structural components in cells (e.g., cellulose in plants), and playing a role in cell signaling and recognition processes.
It is worth noting that while carbohydrates are an essential component of a balanced diet, the type and quantity of carbohydrates consumed can greatly impact overall health. Balanced consumption of carbohydrates, focused on complex carbohydrates like whole grains and fiber-rich foods, is often recommended for maintaining optimal energy levels and promoting overall well-being.
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Etymology of CARBOHYDRATES
The term "carbohydrates" originated from the combination of two words: "carbon" and "hydrate".
The word "carbon" refers to the chemical element that forms the basis of organic compounds, including carbohydrates. It comes from the Latin word "carbo", meaning coal or charcoal.
The term "hydrate" comes from the Greek word "hudor", meaning water. In chemistry, a hydrate is a compound that contains water molecules. In the case of carbohydrates, the name was given because these compounds were initially believed to have the chemical formula of a hydrate of carbon, meaning they were composed of hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the same ratio as water.
Although this initial interpretation of carbohydrates was later found to be incorrect, the name "carbohydrates" remained, reflecting their original association with the elemental composition.
Similar spelling word for CARBOHYDRATES
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