Cancer of the mouth, also known as oral cancer, is a malignant condition that affects the tissues in the oral cavity. It is characterized by the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of abnormal cells in the mouth, including the lips, tongue, gums, inner lining of the cheeks, roof or floor of the mouth, and the area behind the molars.
Oral cancer typically starts as a small painless sore or lump that may develop on any of the previously mentioned areas. Over time, it can spread to adjacent tissues and structures, such as the lymph nodes in the neck, causing further complications. Common risk factors associated with the development of oral cancer include tobacco use (cigarettes, smokeless tobacco), heavy alcohol consumption, a history of previous oral cancer, excessive sun exposure to the lip area, viral infections like human papillomavirus (HPV), and poor oral hygiene.
Symptoms of oral cancer may include persistent mouth sores, bleeding or pain in the mouth, difficulty or pain while swallowing, a change in voice, lingering earaches, swelling or thickening of the jaw, and unintended weight loss. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving prognosis. Treatment options for oral cancer may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these depending on the stage or extent of the disease.
Regular dental check-ups and self-examinations can aid in early detection, potentially leading to successful treatment outcomes. Quitting tobacco use, reducing alcohol consumption, practicing good oral hygiene, wearing appropriate sun protection for the lips, and getting vaccinated against HPV are all preventive measures that can significantly decrease the risk of developing cancer of the mouth.
