Cancer of the breast, commonly known as breast cancer, refers to the malignant growth of cells within the tissues of the breast. It is a type of cancer that primarily affects women, but can also occur in men. Breast cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the breast tissue divide and grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. These cancerous cells have the potential to invade surrounding tissues and, in advanced stages, may spread to other parts of the body (metastasize), like the lymph nodes, bones, liver, or lungs.
The exact cause of breast cancer is often unknown, although certain risk factors increase its likelihood. These factors include advanced age, family history of breast cancer, genetic mutations (such as BRCA1 or BRCA2), hormonal imbalances, obesity, alcohol consumption, and radiation exposure.
Symptoms of breast cancer may vary, and individuals may experience a lump or thickening in the breast, changes in breast size or shape, nipple abnormalities, pain or tenderness in the breast, or lymph node enlargement in the armpit. However, not all patients with breast cancer display noticeable symptoms.
Early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer are crucial, as treatment outcomes are often better in the early stages. Common diagnostic methods include mammograms, ultrasounds, and biopsies. Treatment approaches for breast cancer typically involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy, depending on the specific characteristics of the tumor and the individual's overall health.
Regular breast self-examinations, clinical breast examinations, and mammograms are important for early detection and reducing the risk of complications associated with breast cancer.
