A cancer gene, also known as an oncogene, refers to a specific gene that has been identified to play a crucial role in the development and progression of cancer. These genes may be normally present in the body but become altered through mutations, deletions, or amplifications, leading to their transformed state.
Cancer genes play a fundamental role in the regulation of cell growth and division. When these genes undergo alterations, they can promote abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth, leading to the formation of tumors and the spread of cancerous cells to other parts of the body.
There are various types of cancer genes that have been identified, each associated with specific types of cancer. Some examples include the HER2 gene in breast cancer, the KRAS gene in colorectal cancer, and the BRAF gene in melanoma. These cancer genes can be inherited from a person's parents or can be acquired throughout their lifetime due to exposure to certain environmental factors, such as tobacco smoke or radiation.
The identification and understanding of cancer genes have led to significant advancements in cancer research and personalized medicine. Researchers use various techniques, including genetic sequencing and gene expression profiling, to detect alterations in cancer genes and develop targeted therapies that specifically target these altered genes. Such treatments aim to block the signaling pathways or proteins produced by these cancer genes, thereby inhibiting the growth and progression of cancer cells.
Overall, the investigation and manipulation of cancer genes have proven crucial in unravelling the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer and developing novel therapeutic strategies for combating this complex disease.
