Calicivirus infection refers to a viral infection caused by members of the Caliciviridae family, particularly the Calicivirus genus. Caliciviruses are small, non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses that can infect a wide range of hosts, including humans, animals, and plants.
In humans, calicivirus infection primarily affects the gastrointestinal system, leading to gastroenteritis. The infection is commonly acquired through the consumption of contaminated food or water, or by direct contact with infected individuals, contaminated surfaces, or objects. Symptoms typically include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Other associated symptoms may include fever, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. Although most cases are mild and self-limiting, severe cases may occur, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems or underlying health conditions.
Caliciviruses are highly contagious, and outbreaks can occur in community settings such as schools, nursing homes, hospitals, and cruise ships. Proper hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing with soap and water, disinfection of surfaces, and isolation of affected individuals, are crucial to prevent the spread of the virus.
There are various types of caliciviruses that can cause human infections, with norovirus being the most common. Norovirus is responsible for a significant proportion of viral gastroenteritis cases worldwide, accounting for numerous outbreaks each year.
In animals, calicivirus infections can affect a wide range of species, including cats, rabbits, and pigs. These infections often lead to respiratory or systemic disease, and can have significant impacts on animal health and well-being, particularly in certain populations such as young animals.
Overall, calicivirus infections represent a diverse group of viral illnesses that can affect both humans and animals, causing a range of
