Calcoglobulin, also referred to as CG or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), is a neuropeptide found in the peripheral and central nervous systems of vertebrates. It is synthesized through alternative splicing of the calcitonin gene and is predominantly expressed in sensory nerve fibers throughout the body.
Calcoglobulin is known for its multifaceted role in various physiological processes, particularly in pain transmission and modulation. It is a potent vasodilator, contributing to the dilation of blood vessels and the regulation of blood flow. As a neuropeptide, calcoglobulin is involved in the transmission of pain signals by sensitizing nociceptors, which are the sensory nerve endings responsible for perceiving pain.
Additionally, calcoglobulin plays a crucial role in the regulation of body temperature. It acts as a mediator for the hypothalamus, the part of the brain responsible for temperature regulation, to induce fever. This phenomenon occurs when the body's temperature is elevated as a response to infection or inflammation.
Furthermore, calcoglobulin is involved in various physiological and pathological conditions, including migraine, neurogenic inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases. It has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for the management of these conditions.
Research regarding calcoglobulin is ongoing, and its precise mechanisms and clinical implications are continually being explored. However, its vital role in pain transmission, vasodilation, temperature regulation, and its involvement in various diseases highlight its significance in understanding and potentially treating various physiological and pathological processes.
