Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition, also known as CPPD deposition or pseudogout, is a medical condition characterized by the formation and deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in the joints. This condition primarily affects the joints, particularly the knee, wrist, and shoulder joints.
When calcium pyrophosphate crystals accumulate in the joint, they can trigger an inflammatory response, leading to symptoms such as sudden onset of pain, swelling, and stiffness in the affected joint. These symptoms can mimic those of gout, another type of crystal deposition disorder, hence the term "pseudogout."
The exact cause of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition remains unknown, but several risk factors have been identified, including advancing age, osteoarthritis, thyroid disorders, hemochromatosis, and genetic predisposition. It is believed that changes in the chemical composition or the breakdown of cartilage in the joints may contribute to the formation of these crystals.
Diagnosis of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition involves analyzing joint fluid obtained through joint aspiration for the presence of calcium pyrophosphate crystals. Imaging studies like X-rays or ultrasound may also be performed to assess the extent of joint damage.
Treatment options for calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition mainly aim to manage symptoms and prevent further joint damage. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be prescribed to alleviate pain and inflammation. In some cases, joint aspiration or corticosteroid injections can provide temporary relief. Lifestyle modifications, including regular exercise and a balanced diet, can also be beneficial.
