Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD), also known as pseudogout or pyrophosphate arthropathy, is a joint disorder characterized by the accumulation of calcium pyrophosphate crystals within the joints and surrounding tissues. This condition commonly affects older adults and can cause recurrent episodes of joint inflammation, pain, and swelling.
CPPD typically affects the knees, wrists, shoulders, hips, and ankles, but can also involve other joints. The exact cause of this condition is not fully understood, although certain risk factors such as age, genetics, and metabolic disorders like hyperparathyroidism and hemochromatosis have been associated with its development.
The deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals triggers an inflammatory response in the affected joints, leading to symptoms that mimic gout, another form of crystal-associated arthritis. However, unlike gout, CPPD is not associated with high levels of uric acid in the blood.
Diagnosis of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease often involves imaging studies, such as X-rays or ultrasound, that can detect the presence of calcium pyrophosphate crystals within the affected joints. Blood tests may also be performed to rule out other conditions.
Treatment for CPPD typically focuses on managing the symptoms and preventing further joint damage. This may involve pain relief medications, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), oral corticosteroids, and physical therapy. In some cases, aspiration or drainage of fluid from the affected joint may be necessary for relief of severe symptoms.
Although calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease can cause significant discomfort and joint damage, it is generally a manageable condition with appropriate treatment.
