The calcaneus, also known as the heel bone, is a large tarsal bone situated in the foot that forms the prominent rear part of the foot. It is the largest and strongest tarsal bone and plays a vital role in weight-bearing and locomotion.
Anatomically, the calcaneus is characterized by its unique shape, which is concave on its superior surface and convex on its inferior surface. This morphology allows it to articulate with other bones of the foot, such as the talus and cuboid bones. The calcaneus is positioned beneath the talus and forms the posterior aspect of the foot, serving as a point of attachment for various ligaments and muscles.
The calcaneus is primarily responsible for transferring weight from the leg to the ground during activities like walking, running, and jumping. Its robust structure acts as a shock absorber, buffering or distributing mechanical forces occurring during movement. Additionally, the calcaneus aids in maintaining balance and stability while standing.
Injuries to the calcaneus, such as fractures or sprains, can severely impair foot function and cause immense pain. These injuries commonly result from high-energy impacts, falls, or overuse. Treatment for calcaneal injuries may include immobilization, physical therapy, and, in severe cases, surgical intervention.
Overall, as a major component of the foot's skeletal system, the calcaneus plays an essential role in facilitating movement and supporting the weight-bearing functions necessary for locomotion.
