CRAF proteins, also known as RAF1, refer to a group of proteins belonging to the RAF kinase family. These proteins play a crucial role in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, and survival. RAF proteins are key components of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway, which is involved in transmitting extracellular signals to the cell nucleus, ultimately leading to various cellular responses.
CRAF proteins are primarily found in mammalian cells and are encoded by the RAF1 gene. They consist of multiple domains, including a conserved kinase domain responsible for their enzymatic activity and a regulatory domain that controls their activation. Upon activation by upstream signaling molecules, such as growth factors or cytokines, CRAF proteins undergo a conformational change, enabling them to phosphorylate downstream signaling molecules like MEK and ERK.
As part of the MAPK signaling pathway, CRAF proteins regulate numerous cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cell motility. Dysregulation or mutations in CRAF proteins have been implicated in various diseases, including cancers. Aberrant activation of CRAF proteins can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and contribute to the development and progression of tumors.
Therefore, CRAF proteins serve as potential targets for therapeutic interventions, and the development of RAF inhibitors has gained significant attention as a strategy for cancer treatment. By inhibiting RAF kinases, these inhibitors aim to disrupt the aberrant signaling pathway and halt tumor growth.
