The spelling of "c fms Proto Oncogenes" can be confusing for those not familiar with its pronunciation. Using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), the word is pronounced /si: ɛf ɛm es/ /ˈprəʊtəʊ ˈɒŋkəʊdʒi:nz/, with emphasis on the first syllable of "Proto" and the second syllable of "Oncogenes." The initial "c" represents the gene's location on chromosome 5, while "fms" refers to the gene product's similarity to the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor. This gene is often studied for its role in cancer progression.
C-Fms proto-oncogenes are a group of genes that code for the protein receptor known as colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R). Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that have the potential to become oncogenes, which are genes that cause cancer. However, proto-oncogenes themselves are not cancer-causing genes and usually perform important functions in cell growth, division, and differentiation.
The c-Fms proto-oncogenes are specifically involved in the regulation of myeloid cell development (a type of white blood cell), and they are crucial for the proper functioning of the immune system. The encoded protein receptor CSF-1R is found on the surface of certain cells, including monocytes and macrophages. It binds to colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) and transmits signals that regulate the growth, survival, and differentiation of these cells.
Mutations or alterations in c-Fms proto-oncogenes can lead to the production of an abnormal CSF-1R protein, which may result in uncontrolled cell growth and division, contributing to the development of certain types of cancer, such as leukemia and some tumors of the bone and soft tissues.
Understanding the role of c-Fms proto-oncogenes and their associated proteins is crucial in the field of cancer research and may help in the development of targeted therapies aimed at inhibiting the abnormal activity of CSF-1R and preventing the growth of cancer cells.