The c erbA genes, also known as the erbA alpha and erbA beta genes or the thyroid hormone receptor genes TRa and TRb, refer to a group of nuclear receptors that play a crucial role in the regulation of numerous physiological processes. These genes encode proteins that function as transcription factors, meaning they bind to specific DNA sequences and control the activity of genes involved in essential cellular functions.
The erbA genes are primarily expressed in various tissues and organs, including the thyroid gland, heart, liver, and brain. They are particularly recognized for their role in mediating the biological effects of thyroid hormones, acting as high-affinity receptors for these hormones. Upon binding of thyroid hormones, the erbA proteins undergo conformational changes that enable them to interact with specific DNA sequences known as thyroid hormone response elements (TREs). Through this interaction, the proteins are able to modulate the transcription of target genes, influencing diverse processes such as metabolism, growth, development, and homeostasis in the body.
Dysregulation of c erbA gene expression or mutations in these genes can lead to various disorders, including metabolic disorders, cardiac abnormalities, and neurodevelopmental defects. Additionally, alterations in the expression or function of erbA genes have been associated with multiple types of cancers. Given their significance, c erbA genes have been extensively studied to better understand their molecular mechanisms, identify potential therapeutic targets, and develop strategies for treating diseases related to their dysfunction.
