Buttonwoods are deciduous trees belonging to the genus Conocarpus, primarily found in coastal regions. The name "buttonwoods" commonly refers to two specific species within this genus: Conocarpus erectus and Conocarpus lancifolius. These trees are native to subtropical and tropical areas, with their natural habitat spanning from the Southeastern United States to parts of Central and South America.
Buttonwoods are characterized by their medium-sized stature, reaching heights of up to 50 feet (15 meters), and their broad, dense canopies. Their branches are typically gnarled and twisted, providing a visually appealing silhouette. The foliage is composed of glossy, dark green leaves, which are leathery in texture and emit a distinctive aromatic scent.
The word "buttonwood" is derived from the appearance of the small, round capsules that develop after the flowering period. These woody capsules possess a button-like shape, hence the name.
Buttonwoods are known for their adaptability to various environments, including coastal areas with saline soil conditions. They are valued for their ability to withstand strong winds and salt spray, making them ideal for shoreline stabilization and erosion control purposes. Additionally, the tree's dense canopy provides significant shade, contributing to its popularity in landscaping and urban settings.
Buttonwoods also have economic significance, as their wood is highly durable and resistant to decay. It is commonly used in construction, for making furniture, as well as for crafting various objects due to its strength and natural beauty.
The word "buttonwood" originally referred to a type of tree. Its etymology can be traced back to the 17th century in North America. The name "buttonwood" comes from the characteristic bark of the tree which is smooth and button-like in appearance. This type of tree is known as the American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) or the buttonball tree. The term was later associated with financial markets due to a historical connection. In 1792, a group of financial traders gathered under a buttonwood tree on Wall Street in New York City to sign an agreement which laid the foundation for the New York Stock Exchange. Thus, the term "buttonwoods" also became a colloquial term for financial markets and transactions.