Brownouts are a type of temporary electrical power outage that sometimes occur as a result of a shortage of available electricity. The word is spelled with two syllables: "brown" /braʊn/ and "out" /aʊt/, with the stress on the first syllable ("BROWN-outs"). The term likely originates from the way that the dimming of lights during a brownout can make interior spaces appear browner and dimmer than usual. Brownouts can be caused by a variety of factors, including excess usage of electricity during peak hours or equipment failure in the electrical grid.
A brownout, also known as a voltage dip or sag, is a temporary and intentional reduction in the supply of electrical power to a particular area or region. During a brownout, the voltage level of the electrical grid is intentionally lowered by the power company in order to reduce the overall demand for electricity and prevent a complete blackout. This reduction typically lasts for a short period of time and is carried out to alleviate strain on the electrical system during periods of peak usage, such as hot summer days when air conditioners and other high-energy appliances are in heavy use.
Brownouts can result in a noticeable dimming or flickering of lights, as well as a decrease in the performance of electrical devices. These voltage drops can have adverse effects on electronic equipment and appliances, causing them to malfunction or operate less efficiently. It is important to note that brownouts are distinct from blackouts, as they do not result in a complete loss of power.
In some cases, brownouts are implemented by power companies as a precautionary measure to mitigate the risk of an overload or system failure during times of high electricity demand. By reducing the voltage level, the power provider aims to balance the available supply and demand, ensuring a stable and reliable power grid.
The word "brownouts" has its origins in the field of electrical engineering. It is a combination of the words "brown" and "out".
The term "brownout" was first used in the mid-20th century to refer to a reduction in the voltage or power supply to a specific area. When there is an overload on the electrical grid or during periods of high demand, the voltage provided to homes or buildings may be purposely decreased to prevent a complete power outage. This reduction in voltage results in a dimming or lowering of the intensity of lights and electrical devices, creating a visual effect of a brown or dimmed light.
The term "brownout" is a play on the word "blackout", which is a complete loss of power. While a blackout refers to a total absence of electricity, a brownout reflects a partial reduction in power supply.