Bronchomoniliasis is a medical condition that refers to an inflammation or infection of the bronchial tubes caused by the overgrowth of a specific type of fungus called Candida albicans. The term "broncho" pertains to the bronchial tubes, which are the air passages that connect the windpipe (trachea) with the lungs. "Moniliasis" refers to a fungal infection caused by a species of Candida. Therefore, bronchomoniliasis specifically describes a respiratory infection that occurs when Candida albicans infects the bronchial tubes.
This condition typically occurs in individuals with a weakened immune system, such as those with HIV/AIDS, organ transplantation recipients, or individuals receiving chemotherapy. It can also commonly develop in individuals who use inhaled corticosteroids or have previously taken antibiotics, as these medications can disrupt the natural balance of microorganisms in the respiratory tract.
Symptoms of bronchomoniliasis often include persistent coughing, chest pain, shortness of breath, wheezing, and the production of thick, yellow or green mucus. Diagnosis is usually confirmed through a combination of physical examination, medical history review, and laboratory tests such as sputum culture or bronchoscopy.
Treatment for bronchomoniliasis typically involves antifungal medications such as fluconazole or amphotericin B, which are administered orally or intravenously, respectively. Additionally, addressing the underlying cause of the weakened immune system, if present, is crucial for effective management and prevention of further infections.
